a)Aspectos gerais da iombina
Ioimbina é um estimulante sexual masculino. Um alcalóide obtido do yohimbe (Pausinystalia yohimbe) que pertence à classe farmacológica dos bloqueadores alfaadrenérgicos. Indicado para impotência sexual masculina. Por ser vasodilatador, melhora a circulação local e pode ser utilizado como adjuvante no tratamento da celulite.
1-A ioimbina é afrodisíaca e pode ajudar na disfunção erétil. É também um estimulante geral.
2-A ioimbina funciona aumentando os níveis de adrenalina no corpo, bem como inibindo um processo de regulação nas células de gordura, que normalmente suprime a queima de gordura.
3-Os efeitos da ioimbina são parcialmente negados pela ingestão de alimentos, razão pela qual muitas vezes é tomada em jejum.
b)Iombina e melhora da função erétil
A ioimbina, secundária ao seu potencial inibitório alfa-2-adrenérgico, era comumente usada como tratamento de primeira linha para a disfunção erétil antes do advento dos inibidores da PDE5. Uma revisão observa que existe uma variação variável de eficácia de 34-73% e isto pode ser devido à eficácia em pessoas com disfunção erétil psicogênica, em vez de outros modelos de disfunção erétil, como orgânicos.
A terapia combinada de ioimbina com L-arginina demonstrou benefícios preliminares com mais eficácia na disfunção erétil leve a moderada (em vez de severa).
c)Melhora sexual
A ioimbina pode reverter os efeitos anti-afrodisíacos dos agonistas alfa-2-adrenérgicos em ratos (como clonidina ) ou pode negar substâncias químicas que antagonizam a sexualidade (como a naloxona, ) enquanto aumenta a motivação sexual saudáveis . Este efeito é independente do estado da genitália (trabalhando em modelos de anestesia genital [32]), o estado de exaustão, e funciona independentemente do hormônio testosterona (ainda eficaz apesar da castração , cuja testosterona é conhecido por estar associado à libido aumentada em homens e mulheres.
Estresse, pânico e ansiedade
As interações com a ioimbina e o estresse (bem como o pânico) podem estar relacionadas ao locus coeruleus, um núcleo no tronco cerebral que está relacionado a essas respostas; o antagonismo dos receptores A2 (A) nessa região do cérebro aumenta os níveis de noradrenalina por meio da redução da taxa de degradação.
Este aumento na ansiedade pode ser um efeito per se da ioimbina em excesso, já que 30mg de ioimbina podem induzir agudamente a ansiedade em pessoas saudáveis (avaliadas pela Escala Visual Analógica para Ansiedade), dependentes de opióides, e em pessoas que são suscetíveis a ataques de pânico; onde a ioimbina pode induzir ataques de pânico.
Devido ao aumento efetivo da noradrenalina, os efeitos colaterais neurais do excesso de noradrenalina podem ocorrer se uma dose muito alta for tomada; os mais comuns são transtornos de ansiedade e pânico, com o último afetando pessoas suscetíveis
O aumento da ansiedade pode ser abolido pelo diazepam (sedativo ansiolítico) e pela clonidina (ativador do receptor A2A que a ioimbina inibe).
O aumento da ansiedade ainda existe, mas em menor grau em pessoas com boa aptidão aeróbica, como corredores de maratona; isso pode ser um benefício da aptidão aeróbica per se e meramente generalizado à ioimbina, como foi observado em resposta a estresse psicossocial.
Aprendizagem
Em pessoas com baixa ansiedade de base, 15mg de ioimbina está associada a um aumento no desempenho da tarefa aritmética, secundário à sua capacidade de aumentar a excitação; essa melhora ainda era observada em pessoas que sentiam ansiedade com a ioimbina, mas era acompanhada por uma maior quantidade de erros também.
DOSE: Via oral, 5 a 10 mg 3x/dia; se ocorrerem efeitos colaterais, pode-se reduzir a dose à metade, voltando-se a aumentar a dose paulativamente.
REAÇÕES ADVERSAS: Aumento da pressão arterial, aumento da freqüência cardíaca; tontura, cefaléia, irritabilidade, nervosismo ou inquietação; náusea ou vômito, rubor, sudorese e tremor.
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